Lies and Deceit free essay sample

The Crucible is a 1953 play written by Arthur Miller, which portrays the story of the Salem Witch Trials, and the townspeople it affected. The play is an allegory of McCarthyism, which Miller unjustifiably experienced, due to the fact that he was a playwright. The prosecutions of the Salem Witch Trials led to the deaths of several innocent townspeople. As the accused individuals stood trial, it was the testimonies of villagers which essentially determined their fate. Whether lying to save a life, or take someone else’s, dishonest villagers created a chaos which shook Salem Village to its core. The Crucible depicts the extreme behaviors that occur when the difference between truthfulness and treachery is life or death. In The Crucible the most notable characters who conduct in deception are Abigail Williams, John Proctor, and Mary Warren. The Salem Witch Trials could have never reached such infamy, if it were not for the lies and deceit of the people of Salem. We will write a custom essay sample on Lies and Deceit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Abigail â€Å"Abby† Williams goes to the greatest lengths to deceive the townspeople of Salem, in order for her own selfish gain. When Abby is questioned about dancing in the woods with the other girls, she blames Tituba by stating, â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it! † (187). Abigail is willing to sacrifice the life of Tituba, Reverend Parris’ slave from the Barbados, in order to spare herself from punishment. While Tituba did not force any of the girls to commit witchcraft, she confesses to the crime, as she knows Abby’s claims are held to a higher standard than those of a slave like herself. In an attempt to defend her lies, Abigail accuses Mary Warren of witchcraft by saying â€Å"†¦Oh, please, Mary! Don’t come down. † (224). After Mary Warren confesses to the court that the accusations she and the rest of the girls made were untrue; Abigail leads the other girls in an attack against Mary. Abigail goes as far to accuse Mary of sending her spirit upon them, an accusation that could’ve ended Mary’s life, in order to protect her lies. Abigail Williams is greatly responsible for the convictions of innocent townspeople, and all for her own gain and protection. In contrast to Abigail, Mary Warren is seen as the more innocent and obedient character. As the servant of the Proctors, Mary Warren is loyal to them in the beginning. When Elizabeth Proctor is accused of being a witch, Mary agrees to testify against Abigail and the other girls in order to save Elizabeth, as well as be faithful to God. However, when Abigail’s threats against Mary become too intense for her to handle, Mary lashes out at John Proctor by saying â€Å"You’re the Devil’s man! † (226). As a result of Abigail and the other girls taunting, Mary Warren re-joins them in their deceit in order to save herself from punishment. While Mary wanted to help stop the false accusations made by the girls, their lies were far too believable by the court. Mary Warren is an easily overcome character, who agrees to deceive the court in order to spare herself from punishment. John Proctor is The Crucible’s tragic hero. Although he is flawed by his previous affair with Abigail, Proctor seeks justice for Salem, and his falsely accused wife Elizabeth at all costs. When Proctor grows tired of Elizabeth’s failure to trust him, he says â€Å"You forget nothin, and forgive nothin† (194). While Abigail worked for the Proctors as a servant, John cheated on Elizabeth with her. In the time of the affair, Proctor lied to his wife in order to keep it a secret. When speaking to Elizabeth about whether or not to confess to witchcraft, John Proctor feels that since he has already been dishonest, it wouldn’t matter if he lied, â€Å"I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It is a fraud. I am not that man. My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man. † (236). John felt that he was not a godly man due to his affair, and telling the truth wouldn’t make him one. However, upon learning that his confession will be nailed to the church, John decides to protect his name and faith to God by being honest. John Proctor, once a deceiving man to his wife, fights for the truth even at the cost of his own life. Abigail Williams and Mary Warren lied to protect themselves, and convicted the innocent people of Salem. John Proctor however, fought selflessly to free his wife and imprisoned friends. While Mary Warren betrayed the Proctors in order to save herself, that event would not have taken place if it weren’t for Abigail Williams. Abigail pays no regards to moral standards or God, but instead only acts to benefit herself at whatever expense she deems necessary. The lies and deceit in Salem pinned neighbor against neighbor, and called for the unjust death of many.

Complete List Weird Scholarships You Can Win (Updated)

Complete List Weird Scholarships You Can Win (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You may have thought that scholarships were only for those who had great grades or were top athletes. Well, think again! There are a lot of organizations willing to give you some college cash in recognition of your interesting habits, unusual attributes, or willingness to do something a little bit quirky! Here's a complete collection of the best weird, unusual scholarships we could find. The good news is they're often a lot easier to apply to than other scholarships. Why Do These Weird Scholarships Exist? These scholarships mostly come from three main sources: Special Interest Groups and Clubs These organizations are very passionate about certain topics – like agriculture or the Klingon language – and they love to see students who share those passions. By offering these crazy scholarships, they're encouraging students to actively stay involved in these areas of interest. People Who Want to Help People Just Like Them You’ll notice a number of unique scholarships based on last name or physical features. These tend to be from people or groups who feel they are special for some reason, and want to share the wealth with others who are lucky enough to have the same trait. Quirky Companies Out for a Laugh Some of the most unusual scholarships are from companies that are just looking to have a good time, and they want to share the love with students who get their sense of humor and are willing to do something a little daring. So even if you didn't think you were the scholarship-winning type of student, remember that there are scholarship opportunities out there for almost anyone, including students who†¦. Scholarships for People With Interesting Physical Attributes The Scholarship for Redheads This scholarship is awarded to a natural red-head who is a junior or senior in high school with a GPA of 2.5+. You have to submit two photos to prove the authenticity of your gingery locks, and also create a creative piece – can be an essay, picture, or video, that tells what it means to you to be a red head. The deadline this year was May 4, and the prize is a one-time award of $500. The Tall Club Scholarship The Tall Club Scholarshipis awarded to exceptionally tall high school seniors. If you are female and over 5’10†, or male and over 6’2†, this scholarship could be for you! Apply through your local Tall Club (there are 53 branches nationwide). You’ll have to provide transcripts and test scores, letters of recommendation, details about extracurricular activities and awards, a photo and an essay.Awards vary by chapter but are up to $1,000. The deadline is March 1. The Left-Handed Scholarship If you're left-handed, you’re in luck! The Frederick and Mary F. Beckley Scholarshipfrom Juniata College in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania is for you. Current students of Juniata College who are left-handed are allowed to apply for the award, which ranges from $1,000 - $1,500. Grades and financial circumstance are also taken into consideration. Scholarships for People Who Have Prepared for the End of the World (or Want to Save the World) Zombie Apocalypse Scholarship If you’ve spent time thinking over how you would fare if the world were overrun by the walking dead, then the Zombie Apocalypse Scholarship is for you! Students aged 13 and older can apply by writing a 250 word essay about what would happen if their school were overrun by zombies. The deadline is October 31, and the award is $2,000. Superpower Scholarship The Superpower Scholarship awards $2,500 to a student who, in 250 words or less, best answers the question, â€Å"Which superhero or villain would you want to change places with for a day and why?† You have to be 13 years of age or older to apply. The deadline is March 31st. Scholarships for People Who†¦Sound Like a Duck Chick and Sophie Major Duck Calling Contest High school seniors are eligible to compete for this scholarship in Stuttgart, Arkansas every fall. The student best able to woo ducks will be awarded $2,000. There are also prizes for second place ($1,000), third place ($750), and fourth place ($500). The competition is on November 23 this year. Scholarships for People Who Love Sweets, or Want to Be Sweets American Association of Candy Technologists John Kitt Memorial Scholarship College sophomores, juniors, and seniors who love candy so much that they want to study it should apply for this scholarship.You’ll need to be majoring in food, chemistry, or biological sciences with a GPA of 3.0 or higherand have shown an interest in candy technology through a project or research. One student will win a scholarship of $5,000. The deadline is in April. Flavor of the Month Scholarship TheFlavor of the Month Scholarship is open to students aged 13+ who write a 250-word essay that answers the question, â€Å"If you were an ice cream flavor, which would you be and why?† The prize is $1,500 and the deadline is July 31st. Scholarships for People Who REALLY Love Star Trek Starfleet Scholarship Program Trekkies are in luck when looking for college funding. TheStarfleet Scholarship Program awards up to $1,000 scholarships to students (senior year of high school or above) who have been Starfleet members for at least a year prior to applying. Applications are due in June. Klingon Scholarship If you are a Trekkie AND a language lover, you are even more in luck. Students majoring in a foreign language can receive scholarships from the Klingon Language Institute for showing a love of international languages. You do NOT need to know Klingon to qualify. Awards are $500 and the deadline is in June. Scholarships for People Who Have a Lucky Last Name John Gatling Grant Program This scholarshipat North Carolina State University awards $9,000 to in-state students and $18,000 to out-of-state students who are lucky enough to be born with the last name â€Å"Gatling† or â€Å"Gatlin†. You need to be able to show proof that you were born with the name, and the application is turned it at the same time you apply for financial aid. Charles Downer Scholarship Fund This scholarshipgives students attending Harvard and who have the last name â€Å"Downer† a chance to get some money. Preference is given to students from Vermont and who are descendants of Harvard graduates. Leavenworth Scholarship The Leavenworth Scholarshipat Hamilton College in New York is for – you guessed it – students with the last name â€Å"Leavenworth†. The award amount isn’t specified. Lambert and Annetje Van Valkenburg Memorial Scholarship Competition This competition awards $1,000 every two years to a student who can prove they are related to the Van Valkenburg family who immigrated to the USA from the Netherlands in 1643. The last name can have slight variations, but you’ll have to be able to prove the lineage. Applicants must write an essay about what the family heritage means to you. The award can be used at any university, and the deadline is March 1st. Zolp Scholarship Catholic students attending Loyola University Chicago with the last name Zolpare in for a treat – they are eligible to win money if they file their birth certificate along with their applications. Award amount varies depending on availability of funds and the number of applicants. Scholarships for People Who Have a Sense of Humor About Fashion Stuck at Prom The Stuck at Promcontest rewards couples who create entire prom outfits from Duck Tape, and then wear them to a school-organized prom. Applicants must submit photos of their handiwork – which is usually quite impressive! Each student in the winning couples gets a full scholarship for themselves, plus one individual grand prize winner gets a bonus. Every year there are 21 winners. First place is $10,000, second is $5,000, third is $3,000, and seven runner up couples get $500. The individual bonus is $500. Scholarships for People Who Are Hard-Core Gamers Gamers Helping Gamers This scholarshipis for fans of Magic: The Gathering. High school applicants must write four essays about how Magic has influenced them, how to improve the game, and what their academic and career goals are. Up to two awards of $5,000 will be given, and applications are due on March 31st. Scholarships for People Who Are Messy Eaters and Drinkers Milk Mustache Scholarship Do you tend to miss your mouth when consuming dairy products? Do you also attend (or plan to attend) college in Arizona? The Dairy Council of Arizona runs the Milk Mustache Scholarship for people like you! And applying doesn’t get much easier. Simply take a video that's 30 seconds or less that features your favorite dairy products.The video can be any style (funny, suspenseful, etc.) The contest opens in August, and weekly winners will be chosen between Septemberand November. Winnerswill receive cool prizes, like free tickets to football games at Arizona schools. At the end of the football season, several finalists will be chosen from the weekly winners to submit autobiographies, transcripts, and a letter of recommendation. These finalists will not only receive a great prize automatically – tickets to the Fiesta Bowl – but will also be eligible to win one of three cash prizes. The first place winner will get $12,000 in scholarship money, $10,000 will go to the second place student, and $8,000 to third place. Winners will be announced at the Fiesta Bowl. Scholarships for People Who Are Lazy and Sober The Deppen Scholarship and the Voris Auten Scholarship Do you stay away from drugs and alcohol? Do you also stay away from physical activity? If so, Bucknell University in Pennsylvania offers two endowed scholarships to students who fit that description and have also lived in Mount Carmel, PA for ten years and attended a Mount Carmel public high school. Scholarships for People Who Love to Write Essays Ayn Rand Scholarships If you want to get some practice writing essays on really long books, never fear! Short essays (of around 1,000 words on Ayn Rand'sreally long books can make you eligible to win some serious cash. Different topics are available depending on grade level. 8th, 9th and 10th graders can win between $30 and $2,000 for writing about Anthem; th and 12th graders can win between $50 and $10,000 for writing about The Fountainhead; and college students can win between $50 and $20,000 for writing about Atlas Shrugged. Deadlines vary based on which book you're writing about. Scholarships for People Who Hate to Write Essays No Essay Scholarship The No Essay Scholarshipclaims to be the easiest scholarship out there – no tedious essay writing here! College students (or prospective college students) simply need to enter their details online for a chance to win $2,000. A new winner is chosen every month, and you can re-apply as much as you like! Scholarships for People Who Love Sprinklers American Fire Sprinkler Association This scholarship isopen to almost anyone willing to put in a bit of effort! High school seniors can fill out the application form for the scholarship. Ten randomly chosen winners will get $2,000 each in scholarship money. No longer a high school senior? No problem. Enter the second chance contest for college students, and five winners will be awarded $1,000 scholarships. Scholarships for People Who Are Gay Pilots National Gay Pilots Association TheNational Gay Pilots Association gives LGBT students and allies who are interested in professional aviation a chance to help cover some college costs. Students should be at least 18 years old, have a private pilot license, have accomplishments in aviation, and have contributed to the LGBT community. Scholarship amounts vary. Scholarships for People Who Are Passionate About Specific Kinds of Food Vegetarian Resource Group Students who are committed to promoting a peaceful world through a vegetarian lifestyle can win up to $10,000 for school from the Vegetarian Resource Group.You’ll have to write an essay about your experience being vegetarian and promoting it within your community, and at least three letters of recommendation. One award of $10,000 will be given, as well as two $5,000 prizes. The deadline is February 19th, 2019. Beef Industry Scholarship On the opposite end of the spectrum, the Beef Industry Scholarshipawards ten $1,500 scholarships every year to high school seniors or undergrads who are pursuing careers in the beef industry. You’ll have to have demonstrated a commitment to the beef industry, write an essay about solving a problem in the beef industry, and have two letters of recommendation from professionals in the beef industry. And if your love affair with beef is long-lasting, you can re-apply every year! Asparagus Club Scholarship The National Grocers Association awards this scholarshipto college juniors and seniors who are pursuing careers in the grocery industry. Scholarships are $2,000 per semester and can be renewed for up to four semesters if a 2.5+ GPA is maintained. Up to ten scholarships are awarded per year. Scholarships for People Who Like to Make Others Laugh Make Me Laugh Scholarship This scholarshipfor you budding comedians out there. Students over the age of 13 can apply for a $1,500 scholarship by telling a funny or embarrassing story (real or made up) in 250 words or less that makes the judges laugh out loud. Deadline is August 31st. Scholarships for People Who Love Golf But Don’t Play It Western Golf Association Evans Scholars Foundation If you are dedicated to the art of being a golf caddie, you are in luck. TheWestern Golf Association Evans Scholars Foundation gives out hundreds of full-ride scholarships to students who can show a record of successful and regular caddying throughout high school (spanning at least two years). You should also have strong academics and a good ACT score, and be able to demonstrate financial need. The scholarships are available at 14 colleges across the country that have scholarship houses – winners are expected to be active members in the house. Applications are due October 31st. Scholarships for People Just Love Applying for Scholarships Scholarship For Aggressive Scholarship Applicants Debt.com sponsors this scholarship. The main idea? They want to award students who have shown persistence and courage in applying for all the free college money that is out there. All you have to do is apply for loads of scholarships (past winners have applied for over 30 each – and don’t worry, you don’t have to win them!) and send copies of the submission receipts, along with a letter saying a bit about yourself, your goals, and how you felt doing all those applications. You can win $500. The best part? They choose a new winner every 2 months, so you have a lot of chances to try for this one! What's Next? If you want to apply to some great scholarships not listed above, check out our guides to theNational Merit Scholarship,McDonald's Scholarship, andTylenol Scholarship. Did you know that sometimes getting a schoalrship is as easy as applying to your school of choice? Check out thislist of schools that automatically offer schoalrships based on grades and test scores. Need a letter of recommendation for a scholarship? Here's how to get one. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Health Care Roles in Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Care Roles in Communication - Essay Example It is thus important that all the key players in health care: patients, care givers, friends and family, and medical assistants practice proper communication if at all their needs and desires are to be satisfied. The best way to study communication in health care is through case studies, where each component and their roles are analyzed. The scenarios also give information about the barriers in communication and implications, which enable one to come up with recommendations on what should be done to create effective communication. For this specific study, the scenario selected is that of Lena, where the major components in health communication will be identified, all the parties and their roles and perspectives in communication studied, the implications determined and a resolution for effective communication affecting all the players generated. Lena is a student who has stayed in America for about 10 years. She has however been raised in the cultural ways of Southeast Asia, her native land. She finds herself in the emergency room of a hospital one day after fainting in class-too much disappointment and vilification of an accompanying friend; Susie, who we also understand to have brought her to the hospital. She believes she does not need the services of a hospital and is prepared to leave but is restrained by a medical assistant informed by Susie. The impatient medical assistant is interrupted by a doctor who then tries to explain to Lucy the condition and gather more information from her. Lucy’s lack of cooperation makes the doctor to grow impatient and leave the room. From this scenario, it is possible to describe the major components of health care; we first have the patient Lucy who is in the hospital due to fainting suddenly while at school; there is the health care giver, in this case a doctor; a medical assistant who happens to be nearby the patient; and lastly Susie, a friend accompanying Lucy to the hospital. This scenario

My Educational Goals Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Educational Goals - Scholarship Essay Example I am a very dedicated and hard working person. I like helping others. During my time at college I will look for volunteering opportunities by inquiring local churches, governmental institutions, and non-profits. I want to learn as much as I can during my time in college. In college students learn from their interaction with students, professors, and non-faculty staff inside and outside the classroom. I want to study a career in criminal justice because I want to make a difference in society through my work efforts. In the United States there were a total of 10.63 million crimes committed in 2009 (Disastercenter). I am very motivated to start my college career. I know that is will a lot of sacrifice and commitment, but I am ready for the challenge of becoming a full time college student. Work Cited Page Disastercenter.com. 2010. â€Å"United States Crime Rates 1960-2009† 10 April 2011. Lewin, T. 23 July 2010. â€Å"Once a Leader US Lags in College Degrees.† The NY Times. 10 April 2011.

Recruitment and selection report assignment Essay

Recruitment and selection report assignment - Essay Example The options include: obtaining sufficient funds and paying adequate wages; creating a network of skilled doctors who would be sent on rotation to remote areas; creating a robust IT infrastructure with video conferencing that would help experienced doctors in urban areas to diagnose patients in remote areas and guide fresh recruits to provide better treatment. It is expected that if the recommendations are adopted, then there would be more experienced consultation available for patients in remote areas. Doctors and trained physicians are the life support entities of any healthcare system and this is more so in remote and rural areas that have few hospitals and health care units. Gorman (2009) reports that many regions of Queensland and New Zealand have 70% of required doctors. The author has reported that these regions also have a high level of dependency on foreign born doctors and about 42% of the doctors in these regions are of foreign origin. While this factor should not be an issue since foreign born doctors are also competent, the disturbing fact is that it is difficult to attract and retain doctors in the rural areas of Queensland. Fowler (1997) comments that while fresh doctors and interns do join rural practice, it is meant to fulfill certain requirements to obtain a medical degree. The author has estimated that since 2005, about 182 to 681 doctors per annum have left the rural practice and migrated to bigger cities with better career prospects. Better career prospects in cities, changing priorities, poor rural living conditions and lack of skill development can frustrate even the most ardent and medical practitioner who would then quit the rural posting. This behavior and trend among doctors has become very severe and lives of children, pregnant women, aboriginal people and the elderly are at stake. This paper examines the

Definition of tourism

Definition of tourism Introduction 1.1 Background of study Tourism is the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In 21st century, travel is a common thing for people, but in the past people hard to travel from place to place because lack of transportation and technology. Travel defines as people moving from one place to another. People travel because of pull and   push factor ,push and pull factor are influence by lots of factors such as economic ,social, climate, geographical characteristic and etc. spatial movement is very important and worth our attention, it focusing on tourist generating areas and tourist receive areas as well as the transit route between its. To do so, I have adopted Leipers model, which was suggested in 1979 and adapted in 1995 (Figure 1). Tourist flow is a flows or spatial interaction between places, with the destination area containing a surplus of a commodity and the generating area having a demand for a commodity. It influenced by a variety of push and pull factors. Batu Ferringhi located on the northern coast of Penang, Malaysia. This place is chosen as one of the attraction places in Penang because of the sandy beach and luxury resort.   The only entrance by land to go to Batu Ferringhi is the narrow mountains road. Penang Hill or affectingly known by locals as Bukit Bendara, is one of the only cool places to visit in Penang. A hill with elevation of about 833 m (2723 ft) has proved that it is one of the main attractions not only to the foreigner but also locals. 1.2Research statement The study of tourist flows can be very important because by understanding the travel movement, government or the private sector can create a new marketing strategic to attract more tourists. By studying the geographic characteristics of exiting tourist, it can reveal the potential market, such as ecotourism, heritage tourism and etc. 1.3Research Questions What is the tourist pattern? What are the most famous attraction places in Penang? Where is the most of the tourist come from? What is the tourist flow of Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill 1.4 Study Methology Stage 1: Preliminary Stage On this stage, study background and the scope of study will be written down; goal and researchs objective will be set up so that it can make the research path clearer beside that literature review and the significance of the research will be written down. Survey questionnaires will be designated in this stage. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 2: The Data Collection The method use in the research will be quantitative so that more information from the tourists will be getting by conduct survey questionnaire. The data collection will be dividing into two, primary and secondary. For primary data collection, survey and interview will be conduct so that can know more about tourist travel pattern, I also will interview with the stalls seller or shop in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. For secondary, information will be get from books, journals and internet. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 3: Analysis and Synthesis On the stage, the survey questionnaire will be compile and using the SPSS (the statistics software) to create the graph or statistics. Beside that, the tourist flows network in Penang will be created. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 4: Recomendation In this stage, the recommendation how to improve the tourism in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill, how to solve the impact of tourist flows. So that, the tourism is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will not face the decline stage or over crowded in one place. (Refer to figure 2) 1.5Goal The goal of this study is to identify the tourist movement patterns and to solve the impact influence by tourist flows. 1.6 Study Objectives The major objectives that will be indentified are: To indentify the travel pattern of tourist in Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill To indentify which country tourist come to Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill To indentify the major influences of tourist movement in Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill 1.7 Hypothesis The number of tourist going to Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill The development in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will be increase. Lots of tourist coming from Europe country and Middle East. 1.8 Significance of study The significances of the research for the tourism department and the private sector are they can use the research as reference so that the can understand the tourist flows in Penang beside that, they can implement new marketing strategic to get more profit .other than that, by knowing the tourist pattern ,government can locate more resources to the place. By doing the research, a statistic report will be written out, it will benefit to future researcher to conduct the same research. The research also will help the developer to develop the place after they review the statistic. 1.9 Scope of study The two major barriers are time and seasonal .Time is a barrier for my research although I have limited time to complete it because need to analyze the survey and finding reference sources. Tourism is a seasonal so the research will not accurate when the time goes by so time management very important. 1.10 Study area The study area chosen for my research is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. Batu Ferringhi also called as the foreigners rock is a strip of beaches on the northern coast of Penang .The only way to go up is the narrow mountain road, there are two entrance one is from Tanjung Bunga and another one is from Teluk Bahang . Batu Ferringhi also is one of the tourist attraction place in Malaysia, a lot of foreigner tourist like to stay at here, on top of the hill also got a lot of chain hotels group example Shangri la hotel group, holidays inn and Parkroyal hotel. Other than that, there also have a lot of transportation company, they always stand by to pick up the guest go to down town. Beside that there also have a lot of souvenir shop so that the tourist can buy souvenir to their friends and relatives. Everyday there also have night market, the most special trends in the night market is bargaining. Batu Ferringhi is high tourists flows area in Malaysia because of the environments and the people are hospitality .The high tourist flow also give positive and negative impact to the place such as pollution, traffic congestion, increase in price and etc. When peak season, Batu Ferringhi will over crowded and is a main issue for the local government. Another place chosen is Penang hill, Penang Hill is the oldest hill station in Malaysia. It comprises a hilly granite mass in the middle of Penang Island reaching an elevation of 833 meters (2723 ft) at Western Hill. Penang hill also is the only cool place in Penang and it is famous not only for foreigners but locals. There are three way going up to Penang hill, by the funicular train, by jeep and by hiking. Theoretical Framework Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review Tourist flows are a form of spatial interaction between two areas, with the destination area containing a surplus of a commodity example tourist attraction and the generating area having a deficit or demand for that commodity (Tourism and hospitality Geography). Tourist flows do not occur randomly but follow certain rules and are influenced by a variety of push and pull factors. Push factors are mainly concerned with the stage of economic development in the generating are and will include such factors as levels of affluence, mobility and holidays entitlement .Often, too, an advanced stage of economic development will not only give the population the means to engage in tourism but the pressures of life will provide the push to do so .An unfavorable climate will also provide a strong impetus to travel. Pull factors include accessibility and the attractions and amenities of the destination area. The relative cost of the visit is also important, as is the effectiveness of marketing and promotion. From a geographical point of view tourism consists of three major components which are ; first , the places of origin of tourist ,or generating areas;second,the tourist destinations themselves ,or receiving area and finally the routes travelled between these two sets of locations, or transit routes   (Leiper 1995).These components are set within differing economic ,environmental and social contexts . This simple model is illustrated in figure 3. Tourist generating area represent the homes of tourist ,where journeys begin and end .the key issues to examine in tourist generating areas are the features that stimulate demand for the tourism and will include the geographical location of an area as well as its socioeconomic and demographic characteristic .These areas represent the main tourist markets in the world   and naturally enough ,the major marketing functions of the tourist industry are found here such as tour operation, travel retailing. Tourist receiving areas attract tourists to stay temporarily and will have features and attractions that may not be found in the generating area. The tourist industry try located in this areas will comprise the attractions, accommodation, retailing and service functions, entertainment and recreation facilities .In our view, tourist destination areas are the most important part of the tourism system, not only attracting the tourist and thus energizing the system but also where the impacts of tourism occur and therefore where the sustainable planning and management of tourism is so important. Transit route link these two types of areas and are a key elements in the system as their effectiveness and characteristic shape the volume and direction of tourist flows. Transit route also represent the transportation component of the tourist industry. There are three different routes from place of permanent residence to tourist route, refer to figure one, tourist can choose their route to the destination, access route mean direct access to the main destination as same as return routes .For recreation route, the tourist make use of the various tourist facilities along the way to the destination .Some of the tourist just use the recreation route for part of the journey, they dont have main goal or destination. There are three routes for the tourist to come to Penang, there are water, air and land transport but for Batu Ferringhi ,it just can go by land because no one is providing the air and land transport for the tourist. This notion is developed in Campbells (1967) model which portrays different patterns of movement away from an urban centre (Figure 5). Campbell distinguishes between various groups on the basic of the relative importance of the travel and stay components of their trip .for the recreationist the recreational activity itself is the main element while for the vacationist the journey as such constitutes the main activity of the trip, with a number of stopovers being made on a round trip away from the city .An intermediate group, the recreational vacationist ,is shown to make side trips from some regional base. According to figure 5, recreational travel is scattered radically from the city whereas vacation travel is essentially linear and highway oriented, with recretional vacational travel involving elements of both Campbells work. While the concepts of these different types of travel is useful for analyzing tourist flow patterns there are clearly semantic problems in restricting the ter m tourist or vacationist to someone whose primary interest is invariably in sightseeing and travelling. Source from: redrawn from Campbell (1967)    In Miossecs model ( Figure 6), the origin or core is surrounded by four major belts or zones and travel motives ,means and costs change as well ( Sector 1) .In the real world these theoretical   regular concentric zones are subject to modification by position deformation    (low cost of living, favorable climate, historic links) which extend the belts and the negative ones (essentially political) which compress them (sector 2amd 3).These positive and negative deformation are not independent .More over, in reality a series of core exists giving rise to concurrent spatial demand ( sector 4). Miossec also attempts to incorporate perception of  Ã‚   this space in his model, although the schematic representation of this is not particularly clear .In general .knowledge of destination   declines with distance but there may be certain points of reference or evocative names so that the individuals mental map of the tourist space has both concentric and sectoral constrains .Mioss ec also suggests that the quality of the image will depend on the socio-political linguistic environment of the point of departure and arrival. Source: After Thurot( 1980) Four broad tourist destination types are identified by Lubdgren in this way (figure 10): Centrally located metropolitan destination which have high volume of reciprocal traffic and function both as a generating area and a major destination. These include high order metropolitan centres well integrated into the international and transcontinental transport networks. Peripheral urban destination ,which have smaller populations, a less important central place function and which tend to have a net inflow of tourists Peripheral rural destinations, which are less nodal in character, depending upon a geographically more extensive environment which draws visitors through a combination of landscape characteristic. As the population of such areas is often small and dispersed, a strong net inflow usually results. Natural environment destinations which are usually located at long distances from the generating areas very sparsely populated and often subject to strict management policies. Chapter 3 3.0 Research methodology 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, procedures or method used to conduct research will be set up; there are two types of research methodologies, these two types of methodologies are quantitative and qualitative. During the research, quantitative will be used, quantitative research is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. As for research design, descriptive research will be use in the research, it attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. 3.2 Data collection 3.2.1 Primary data The primary data are data which are being collected by the researcher for that specific purpose of answering the problem in the research. For this research, questionnaires will be distributed to get information or answer after compile will key in to SPSS (the statistic software). Statistic and graph will be draft. 3.2.2Secondary data The secondary data is being obtained by the literature study, books and the articles from the internet source. 3.3 Questionnaire method A questionnaire is defined as a form that people fill out used to obtain demographic and views and interests of those questioned (Brehob 2001).Questionnaires is use in this research to get more information and to get feed back from the people, questionnaire encompassed of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering data or information from potentially a large number of respondents. Below are the advantages of using questionnaire method: The responses are gathered in a standardized way, so questionnaires are more objective, certainly more so than interviews. Generally it is relatively quick to collect information using a questionnaire Potentially information can be collected from a large portion of a group. These are the few steps taken to design questionnaire for dissertation purpose (dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my): Objectives of the survey are defined Determined the sampling group Designed the questionnaire by creating the questions Administered the questionnaire Results interpretations 3.3.1 Questionnaire design A well designed questionnaire is important, language and using propel sentence to construct questionnaire must be taken well beside that arrangement of the question also need be in correct flows. The sentence or question using must be easy to understand and the words must be clear. The research questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2. 3.3.2 Questions In designing the questionnaire, the question that inside the survey questionnaire cant be too complicated and direct question needed to ease the correspondents. On questionnaire consist of 16 questions. The questionnaire of this research contains of part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. The questionnaire divides into sub topic because to let the correspondents more understand about the question and it look more systematic. The questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2. 3.3.3 Layout Layout is very important because first impression when the correspondents see the questionnaire is the formation of the question, the layout must be attractive enough to attract the correspondents. Other than that, the logical of sequence of the question also very important, same kind of question need to group together. (Refer to Appendix 1 and 2) 3.3.4 Questionnaire Distribution The survey questionnaire were distributed to respondents manually, mean that, a team of people will approach them. For Dissertation minimum of 150 correspondents needed to complete the survey. Those questionnaires will distribute in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill but not all of the questionnaire distributed will returned with full of participation because some of them not really interested with the topic or maybe they have limited knowledge about the topic and there where no any reward or gift for them after they finish the questionnaire The objective of distributing questionnaire is to knowing the tourist flows in two Areas, there are Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill beside that also can know what is the tourist opinion and suggestion. 3.3.5 Software Development Methodology After compiling all the result from the questionnaire, the result will key in into the SPSS (the statistic software) after that statistic and graph will be drawn out. In the Statistic and graph, it can determine that the number of tourist flow and which country tourist most often come to visit those places. 4.0 Conclusion This research is discussed about the tourist flows in Batu ferringhi and Penang hill.

The Jump :: First Person Narrative Examples

Anxiety took over my body as I prepared to jump. The 80 foot waterfall looming atop Turner Falls seemed to be challenging me, beckoning me to come and attempt to plunge from the rock into the waterfall to try to endure the pressure as the water knocked me straight down into the deep waters and jagged rocks which awaited below. I waited with an eager excitement thinking that if I could take this plunge, I would really be able to swim with those I saw as the "big fish." Waiting on that rock I had no idea that the events following my wait would change that jump from being something I so much desired into something I would be grateful to never personally experience. Ahead of me in line were two brothers, one 14 years old and the other 17. They were both tall and thin with caramel colored skin. They had wiry black hair and dark brown eyes and continually chattered back and forth to each other and their many other brothers and sisters in Spanish. With an inability to swim, the brothers jumped in with nothing to aid them but faith that the waters would push them out into shallow safety. The two went under and a fanatic frenzy broke out when random bystanders watching on the sides realized that the boys were not coming up. The lifeguards began frantically blowing their whistles and screaming at everyone, "Get out of the water! Everybody! Out! Now!" With no knowledge of the severity of what was going on, I was almost in a state of confusion as I looked to the side and saw my mother screaming at me to get off the rock. Needless to say, I went to my mother and within seconds the water was empty, except for the two boys who lay below the surface. One brother was retrieved from the water in only a few moments, not smooth and with ease, as I expected from what I'd seen on television, but with severe difficulty, as if he was 1000 pounds of dead weight. The other was nowhere to be found. In a desperate search, the breathless and scared lifeguards came over to the crowd, which had formed aside the water. "Do we have any divers in the crowd? Please? Anybody with any experience at all please we need your help." After over 15 minutes of searching and scrambling, finally the second brother was pulled from the water from a spot directly under the waterfall, 19 feet beneath the surface.

Language is a system of differences without positive terms Essay

Ferdinand Saussure was the first structural linguist to reorient the study of linguistics and to take as an object of study the analysis of an arbitrary order of signs and their correlation with language. The arbitrariness of the sign is pervasive and is visible in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between the signifier and the signified and a sign can be analyzed without its semantic context. This placed the sign within a system of differential relationships between signs and language. Thereby it became possible to study the basic elements of a language system as arrangements of contrasts and oppositions and arrive at â€Å"differences with no positive terms†. Saussure says a â€Å"linguistic sign exists only by virtue of its opposition to other signs; just as coins have values only within a particular system of coinage, and the identity of trains is only in terms of a particular railway system, so the links established between ‘significants’ and ‘signifies’ exist only through the system of oppositions by which, literally, that particular language is formed.   The conclusion is stark and radical.†Ã‚   Hence, in a â€Å"language system there are only differences with no positive terms† (Saussure 972). In order to arrive at an understanding of the â€Å"differences with no positive terms† Saussure divides language into two components. The first component is Langue which is an abstract system of language that has been internalized by a speech community. The second component is parole or the act of speaking or practice of language. While Parole is composed of heterogeneous, unrelated and differing elements, language is homogeneous union of concept and â€Å"sound image† or the signified and the signifier (both psychological). This notion of Lang has challenged translators of the text in English. There have also been a number of debates on the status of this term. There have been questions as to whether this refers to a mental entity—â€Å"a sort of platonic idea or merely designates a methodological concept, an abstraction that is a part of a heuristic strategy. The issue has been, and remains, the articulation of the twin notions of langue and parole, the latter being no less difficult to translate into English than the former. Some have opted for an ontological distinction on the model of the philosophical tradition that opposes essence and existence or â€Å"accidents†; others have reduced the difference to the pragmatic necessity of evaluating instances of â€Å"languaging† with respect to the opposite poles of a continuum going from the normative, idealized representation of a language to the open-ended actual utterances that are usually observed in verbal interactions. That Saussure himself was not entirely satisfied with these correlate notions of langue and parole seems obvious from his numerous attempts to specify the distinction† (Bouissac 6). Saussure contended that language is systematic and it is possible to investigate it using methodology that is used in investigating pure science. Hence, he calls the â€Å"life of the sign†, a science.   He names this science semiotics or the science that â€Å"studies the life of signs within society† (Saussure 962). The task of the linguist, in investigating this science is to â€Å"find out what makes language a special system within the mass of semiological data† (Saussure 962) and if we must â€Å"discover the true nature of language we must learn what it has in common with all other semiological systems† (Saussure 962).   Therefore, Saussure feels a need to begin with an understanding of the sign. Saussure offers a dyadic model of a sign in which the signifier and the signified are two parts of a whole.   This is a mental model in which a sign must have a signifier and a signified and the relationship between the two–a signification. Thus the sign itself is â€Å"immaterial† (not abstract), as it does not fix the signification of the signified. â€Å"The linguistic sign unites, not a thing and a name, but a concept and a sound image. The latter is not the material sound, a purely physical thing, but the psychological imprint of the sound, the impression that it makes on our senses† (Saussure 963). He further elucidates the point: â€Å"without moving our lips we can talk to ourselves or recite mentally a selection of verse† (Saussure 963).   Thus the definition of the linguistic sign is â€Å"a combination of a concept and a sign image† and consequently, Saussure proposes to â€Å"retain the sign [signe] to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound image respectively by signified [signifie] and signifier [significant]† (Saussure 963). It logically follows, that the sign has two primordial principles: a) The sign is arbitrary by nature and b) The signifier is linear by nature.  The arbitrary nature of the sign: The linguistic sign is arbitrary and the consequences of this arbitrariness are infinite. The discovery of the arbitrariness is also not easy and requires many â€Å"detours† before they can be discovered. However, the discovery uncovers the primordial importance of this principle of linguistic signs. This very arbitrariness of the sign makes it ideal for semiological study and it is this principle that makes language the model for all other branches of semiology (Saussure 965). Moving on to examining the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign, Saussure realized that reducing a sign to a symbol makes it less arbitrary because it creates a bond between the signifier and the signified.   The linguistic sign is not arbitrary because there is no natural connection between the two. (Saussure 965).   The argument that Onomatopoeia proves that a sign is not always arbitrary is dismissed as onomatopoeic â€Å"formations are never organic elements of the linguistic system† (Saussure 965). Interjections too show that there is no â€Å"fixed bond between the signified and signifier† (Saussure 966) and â€Å"Onomatopoeic formations and interjections are of secondary importance and their symbolic origin is in part open to dispute† (Saussure 965). The linear nature of the Signifier The auditory nature of the signifier implies that it has a span and the â€Å"span is measurable in a single dimension; it is a line† (Saussure 966).   This principle, according to Saussure is very important because â€Å"the whole mechanism of language depends on it† (Saussure 966). Auditory signifiers â€Å"command the dimension of time† and â€Å"their elements are presented in succession; they form a chain† (Saussure 966). This linearity is visible in writing where â€Å"the spatial line of graphic marks is substituted for succession in time† (Saussure 966). Having said this, Saussure moves on to consider language in terms of an organized system of pure values consisting of ideas and sound in order to arrive at the â€Å"differences without positive terms†. Linguistic Value: Language as organized thought coupled with sound In examining language as organized thought and sound, Saussure finds that â€Å"there are no pre-existing ideas, and nothing is distinct before the appearance of language† (Saussure 967).   Moreover â€Å"phonic substance is neither more fixed nor more rigid than thought; it is not a mold into which thought must of necessity fit but a plastic substance divided in turn into distinct parts   to furnish the signifiers needed by thought† (Saussure 967). Therefore, language forms a â€Å"link between thought and sound under conditions that bring about the reciprocal delimitations of units† (Saussure 967) and becomes an â€Å"articulus in which an idea is fixed in a sound and a sound becomes the sign of an idea† (Saussure 967). It follows that the signifier and the signified are intimately connected. The two cannot be separated just as two side of a paper cannot be separated. â€Å"Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the reverse side.   Just as it is impossible to take a pair of scissors and cut one side of paper without at the same time cutting the other, so it is impossible in the language to isolate the sound from thought, or thought up from sound.† (Saussure 967). Nevertheless, the â€Å"combination produces a form, not a substance† (Saussure 967) because it remains completely arbitrary. It is this arbitrariness that makes it possible to create a linguistic system. However, Saussure warns that it must not be assumed that it is possible to construct the system from the parts but the parts can be obtained from the whole by a process of analysis (Saussure 968). Linguistic Value: Conceptual View point The next logical question that occurs to Saussure is â€Å"How does value differ from signification?† He concludes that, while conceptually signification is an element of value, it is not the same as value. It is in fact distinct from it.   This is because â€Å"language is a system of interdependent terms in which the value of each term results solely from the simultaneous presence of others† (Saussure 969). â€Å"Initially a concept is nothing †¦ is only a value determined by its relations with other similar values, that without them the signification would not exist† (Saussure 971). To better appreciate the significance of his finding he compares the concepts of value and signification as they exist outside of language.   He finds that the same paradoxical principle governs values outside language. Values are composed of a) â€Å"dissimilar things that can be exchanged for the thing of which the value is to be determined† (Saussure 969) like a coin can be exchanged for a fixed value of another thing; b) â€Å"similar things that can be compared with the thing of which the value is to be determined† (Saussure 969) such as a two penny coin can be compared to another two penny coin. The value of a word, therefore, â€Å"is not fixed so long as one simply states that it can be â€Å"exchanged† for a given concept, i.e. that it has this or that signification: one must also compare it with similar values, with other words that stand in opposition to it. Its content is really fixed only by the concurrence of everything that exists outside it. Being part of a system, it is endowed not only with signification but also and specially with a value, and this is something quite different† (Saussure 969). Linguistic Value from a Material Viewpoint Do these relations and differences between the terms of language and their value stand up to the test of linguistic value from the material viewpoint?   Saussure thinks so. In his view the most important fact is that â€Å"the word is not the sound alone but the phonic differences that make it possible to distinguish it from all others, for differences carry signification† (Saussure 971). He does not find this surprising because â€Å"one vocal image is no better suited than the next for what is commissioned to express† (Saussure 971). Hence any analysis of a segment of language must be based on the â€Å"noncoincidence with the rest† (Saussure 971) and the â€Å"arbitrary and differential† are two correlative qualities of language. The arbitrary and differential qualities of language are validated by the fact that the terms in a language are free â€Å"to change according to the laws that are unrelated to its signifying function† (Saussure 971). For instance no positive sign characterizes the genitive plural in Zen. Still Zena and Zenb function very well even if they replace the earlier forms of the word. It has value because it is different. This quality of language is also validated by the fact that â€Å"signs function†¦not through their intrinsic value but through their relative position† (Saussure 971). This reveals the â€Å"systematic role of phonic functions†. For instance there is similarity in the formation of the words ephen and esten.   However, the former is an imperfect and the latter is an aorist. In this context Saussure notes that the sound is a secondary thing to language—a substance that must be put to use in language. The â€Å"conventional values† must not be confused with the â€Å"tangible elements† that support them. The linguistic signifier is â€Å"incorporeal† and â€Å"is constituted not by its material substance but by the differences that separate its sound image from all others†. This basic principle then applies to all material elements of language. He therefore, concludes that â€Å"every language forms its words on the basis of a system of sonorous elements, each element being a clearly delimited unit and one of a fixed number of units† (Saussure 971) Finally, considering the sign in its totality, Saussure quickly sums up his findings as â€Å"in language there are only differences† (Saussure 972). What are these differences? First language has â€Å"neither ideas nor sounds that existed before the linguistic system, but only conceptual and phonic differences that have issued from the system† (Saussure 972).   In fact the idea or the phonic substance contained in the sign is of secondary importance as a change in the value of the term does not affect its meaning or its sound â€Å"solely because a neighboring term has been modified† (Saussure 973). Second when we consider a sign in its totality (Signifier / Signified) there are no negative terms. Therefore â€Å"a linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas† and the â€Å"the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass of thought engenders a system of values† (Saussure 973). This system, then serves to â€Å"link the phonic and psychological elements within each sign† (Saussure 973). The combination is a positive fact that language uses to maintain classes of differences.   The â€Å"entire mechanism of language† then â€Å"is based on oppositions of this kind and on the phonic and conceptual differences that they imply† (Saussure 973). This can also be applied to units and the characteristics of units can be seen to blend into the units themselves. So â€Å"difference makes character just as it makes value and the unit† (Saussure 973). Syntagmatic and Associative Relations Since Saussure views language as a something that is based on relationships, he divides relations and differences between linguistic terms into two distinct groups. These groups are associated with two types of mental activity that are essential to the life of language. Within the discourse â€Å"words acquire relations based on ..linear nature of language because they are chained together† (Saussure 974).   These are syntagnms. These syntagnms â€Å"acquire value because they stand in opposition to everything that precedes and follows them† (Saussure 974). Outside the discourse words can acquire a different relation. The syntagnms relations are in praesentia in which two or more terms occur in an effective series.   Language belongs to syntagnmatic relationships built on regular forms.   Associative relations are created by memory of the forms by comparing terms.

Rwandas Ethnic Crisis essays

Rwanda's Ethnic Crisis essays Pamphile Sebahara (1998) in his article "The creation of ethnic division in Rwanda" writes: The genocide of the Tutsis and the massacres, which claimed almost a million lives in Rwanda between April and July 1994, are the result of a variety of interdependent factors. Reading the literature on the subject, we are left with one basic question: how can we comprehend the mass slaughter of men, women and children, primarily as a result of their belonging to a particular ethnic group? Observers believe that the genocide and its consequences, which still reverberate today, are to be understood in the context of the ethnic conflict (between Hutu, and Tutsi), which has been a feature of Rwanda's history since the late 1950s (pp 86-87). Republic of Rwanda has been the victim of Ethnic violence since its independence in 1962. Two predominant ethnic groups namely the Hutu and the Tutsi have clashed with each other resulting in large-scale massacres and flight of millions of people to neighboring Zaire. Geographical Location: Rwanda is located in East Central Africa. It shares common borders with Uganda on North, Zaire on West, Burundi on South and Tanzania on East. Republic of Rwanda covers an area of 10169 square miles and has a population of 6,863,359. The people of Rwanda mainly belong to two groups namely the Hutu and the Tutsi that represent 90% and 9% of the country's population respectively. Kigali is the capital of Rwanda. Historical Background and Civil War: On the issue of ethnic division, Sebahara (1998) opines: Before colonisation, towards the end of the 19th century, most of what is now Rwanda was a monarchy ruled by a king of the Nyiginya dynasty. Social stratification was based on socio-economic criteria; in other words, on the type of work favoured by the members of the group. Thus the Hutus tended to be farmers, the Tutsis were stockbreeders and the Twa were hunters or potters. But given the complex ancestral history,...

10 Best Writing Communities You Need to Join Today - Freewrite Store

10 Best Writing Communities You Need to Join Today - Freewrite Store Back in the very early 2000s, when the internet was still young, YouTube didn’t exist, and Facebook was just a twinkle in Mark Zuckerberg’s eye, I joined a Yahoo Group for writers.  Ã‚   Why? I was writing fiction that I wanted to publish online – but first, I wanted to get it peer-reviewed. And not long after I signed up, one of the other writers reached out to me and offered to help me with my 30,000-word novella. She said she saw promise - and some things that needed fixing. I accepted her offer and began an amazing friendship that stands strong to this day.  Ã‚   It still amazes me that this stranger from across the world was willing to give up her time, for free, to help me hone my craft. It took several months of rewrites. She didn’t pull any punches with her feedback, but she was always constructive and kind, and her advice was invaluable, as was the input from the other writers after I finally reached the stage where I was happy to release my story to the wider group.   I’ve been a big fan of online writing communities ever since. If you’ve never joined one before, you might not be aware of the full range of benefits you can get by signing up.    Support   Writing is a pastime (or profession) with a unique set of challenges that only another writer can truly understand. Being part of an online community gives you the chance to interact with others who understand your struggles, frustrations and challenges, and who can offer helpful encouragement and wisdom. It provides you with a group of people with whom you can discuss and explore your ideas and your roadblocks, and who can encourage you to keep going when you’ve hit a creative brick wall.   Critique   When you’re emotionally involved in a piece of writing, it can be hard to assess it objectively. Not sure if your plot makes sense? Do your characters ring true? Are their motivations plausible? Family and friends often lack the technical ability or the courage to provide truly constructive feedback, whereas an online community provides you with a diverse group of writers with a wide range of experience who can help you gain valuable insight on your strengths and weaknesses.   Knowledge   Every writer brings something new to a community in terms of experience, genre, format, perspective, tips, processes and ideas. A writing community gives you a forum to exchange knowledge and take away the most useful tidbits to apply to your own writing. Offering to critique someone’s work can also be a valuable learning experience which gives you exposure to a plethora of writing styles. Many communities also offer their members access to learning resources.   Resilience   One of the things any writer needs to learn to deal with is criticism - no writer is going to be accepted by every publisher or enjoyed by every reader. Writing is a very personal and emotional activity, and it can be  difficult to hear negative things about your work, and scary to share it with strangers. Good writing communities will help you build your resilience to feedback by being constructive, thoughtful and helpful.   Marketing   If you’re going down the self-publishing route, you’ll need some marketing skills, and being part of an online community puts you in contact with other writers who have been there, done that, and can share what has worked for them. Most communities also have avenues through which you can promote your own books to other members.   If you’re keen to experience the support, companionship and knowledge that comes from joining an online writing community, here’s a list of the ten best groups you can join right now:   1.  Scribophile   One of the world’s largest and most active communities, Scribophile operates on a karma system, whereby you have to critique others’ work before you can submit your own. However, if you pay for premium access ($9 per month or $65 per year), you get unlimited submissions and an ad-free experience. Scribophile also offers the opportunity to compete in writing contests (for cash!). All levels of writing ability are welcomed and almost every genre covered.   2.  Insecure Writers’ Support Group   This community was created by sci-fi author Alex Cavanaugh, who realized that there were a lot of lost souls out there scouring the internet for help with their writing. Today, it has a Facebook group with over 4000 members and a mission â€Å"to share and encourage†. The community’s website boasts a wealth of information including links to writing tips, publisher lists, marketing guides and contests. There’s a weekly newsletter and even a free guide to publishing and beyond.   3.  Absolute Write Water Cooler   If you’re looking for a purely forum-style group, then Absolute Write Water Cooler is a great place to start. With almost 68,000 members at the time of writing, it’s extremely active, well moderated, and there are threads on everything from writer’s block and grammar to publishing and freelancing. Plenty of writing formats are covered including podcasts, graphic novels and scriptwriting, to name a few. There are dozens of discussions about writing-related topics to get involved in, and a section where you can find yourself a beta reader, writing buddy or mentor.    4. Chronicles   This community is the largest forum that caters specifically to science fiction and fantasy writers. Aside from the writing forums that offer workshops, critiques, challenges and resources, it’s a great place to discuss the genre as a whole. Topics cover TV and film, featured authors, the publishing industry and more.   5.  The Next Big Writer   If you’re focused on getting your work critiqued, The Next Big Writer offers an international audience of authors – many of them published – to provide you with feedback on your writing and support with every aspect of your craft. This forum isn’t free but comes with a rich list of features for the membership ($8.95 per month, $21.95 per quarter or $69.95 per year) including guaranteed feedback, unlimited posting, access to premium groups, discounts on classes and entry into site competitions.   6.  She Writes   Looking for a supportive community of female writers? She Writes might be the right one for you. It’s the largest online writing community exclusively for women. Once you’ve joined, you can follow specific groups and content topics, post your own blog and read the articles posted by other members (more than 30,000 available). She Writes also operates its own self-publishing platform, where you can invest in professional coaching, editing, e-book creation and printing.   7.  Nanowrimo   Sometimes you need a deadline to give you that extra bit of motivation. Nanowrimo stands for National November Writing Month. Started in 1999 by freelance writer Chris Baty, it’s an online novel-writing challenge held from 1–30 November every year, with the objective of writing a 50,000-word novel. The community aspect comes in the form of camaraderie across social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, and you can also join theNanowrimo forums to discuss all aspects of the novel writing process and share your journey with other participants. If the timing and word count don’t suit, tryCamp Nanowrimo instead, which holds virtual writers’ retreats in April and July for projects of any format and length.   8.  Talentville   Screenwriters – this community’s especially for you. Talentville is designed to help aspiring screenwriters not only hone their craft through collaboration and education but also to build connections within the industry. With over 10,000 screenwriters and more than 200 industry professionals registered, one of Talentville’s goals is to actively promote worthy work to agents, managers and producers. Membership ranges from free (with posting limitations) to $99 per year.   9.  Agent Query Connect   If you’ve already finished your manuscript, this online social network could be your best choice. It specializes in helping you get your book published, with discussion topics and helpful resources covering everything from writing query letters and finding agents to self-publishing and promotion. You can even get your query letter peer-reviewed.   10.  Reddit   Reddit is a vast social network made up of subreddits that focus on every topic imaginable, and there are plenty of writing-related discussion boards in which you can participate. It’s free, and sometimes unmoderated, but great if you have a very niche area of interest or are looking for a large and diverse group. With almost 700,000 subscribers, r/writing is a great place to start.    BONUS: 11. Freewrite Insiders Our Freewrite Insider group has over 30,000 writers all over the world who are serious about improving their writing process.   From free resources, quality content, and exclusive discounts on the latest writing tools, this is one  email newsletter that every writer who is serious about their craft needs to be part of.  Ã‚         About the author: Claire Wilkins is a freelance copywriter and editor from New Zealand. She loves to write about travel, health, home, and proper punctuation. After a career in financial services spanning almost three decades, Claire left the corporate world behind to start Unmistakable - her writing and editing business. She creates website copy, blogs, and newsletters for creative agencies and small businesses, and  specialises  in polishing existing content until it shines. In her spare time, Claire enjoys cloud-spotting, singing in the car and editing video.

Chinas Conflicts To Achieve Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinas Conflicts To Achieve Democracy - Essay Example At the same time, members of the police all over the world are being provided with additional training in dealing with terror attacks like terror attacks using gas and similar. These measures have been somewhat successful, so it may be necessary to continue these measures more effectively for the long term. The media can play a significant role in alleviating the problems associated with terrorism, by promoting the desired message to members of the public. For instance, newspapers have a large scale access to customers and most of the public attitudes towards different issues are formed as a result of the coverage received through the media. The availability of the tools of technology via the Internet also provides a means to reach masses all over the world instantly and inexpensively to flash news, warnings, and information. The Internet contributes to the increase in terrorist incidents because it allows terrorists to propagate their message cheaply over the electronic medium to th ousands of people across the globe. But it also enables anti terrorist measures to be implemented more effectively, because it enhances communication and provides a medium for Government, police and other authorities to communicate directly with members of the public without much waste of time, which could come in very useful in the case of an imminent attack. Thus, the media could be used to address the threat of terrorism by providing an effective means of fast and reliable communication to large masses of people across the world.

American CEOs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American CEOs - Research Paper Example This is because the public is concerned that unfair CEO compensation can lead to disproportionate distribution of wealth. This paper argues that outrageous CEO compensation can result in depriving the shareholders, force the workers to accept reduced pay and lead to an imbalance which could be unsustainable in the long run for the organization as well as for the shareholders. The different forms in which CEOs were compensated have evolved over the years. In the 1980s the CEO compensation comprised mainly of cash salary and bonus with only 30% CEOs being granted the stock options. By 1994 options became a major component comprising of 70% of the CEOs receiving new option grants (Core, Guay and Larcker, 2003). Stock options thus became a major component of the CEO equity incentives. Theories have been cited to explain the CEO pay packages but according to Otten (2208) the executive pay packages are set by â€Å"simple† economics. It is often believed that the CEOs need to be com pensated for the risks they take and hence the market forces set the packages. Qualified professionals are few and hence valuable. They have to be offered incentives as they take on additional risks for value-increasing decisions, it is argued. Compensation takes various forms such as bonuses, shares and option grants. In other words, Otten argues, they are paid by performance and based on experience and seniority. If CEO pay could boost firm performance then imbalance would not occur but there is no support in empirical studies that there is a link between corporate financial performance and executive pay. Professor Kaplan argues that CEOs are underpaid and their compensation is based on the stock performance of the company. Walsh (2008) counters this stating that it is difficult to ascertain whether the CEO has been paid for his own performance or for his predecessors. Besides, the stock prices are always industry-adjusted and do not reflect the actual performance of the company. Since compensation is based on level of seniority and qualifications, the CEOs take home much more money than an average American worker (Walsh, 2008). The disproportionate distribution of wealth is evident from the fact that in 1980 the CEO made 42 times the average worker’s salary. This ratio increased to 107 in 1990 and 525 in 2000. The top 1000 CEOs took home 7% of their sales in 2005 which collectively amounts to Bolivia’s GDP, says Walsh. The Director compensation at Enron was $380,619 in cash and stock, which was the seventh highest director remuneration at that time (Brick, Palmon & Wald, 2006). Locke (2008) contends that the average workers’ pay adjusted for inflation increased by only 4.3% while the CEO compensation increased by 298 percent. While the median US salary in 2008 was $36,140, the CEO of Washington Mutual earned $5.8 million; the CEO of Boeing earned $19 million while a Church Facilities Manager earned $42,000. The imbalance is further endo rsed by Baker and Fung (2002) who argue that the wages of workers have been declining since the 1980s while the CEO pay has been increasing. Even before taking into account the value of stock options and bonuses, the CEOs in the US received compensation that was twice as high as any other nation. There is no evidence that the CEOs of the US firms are more productive than the CEOs of other nations. The markets know that the true cost of CEO is deliberately hidden (Baker & Fung, 2002).